Candiru (Saito Tech Ltd)

Israeli mercenary spyware vendor behind DevilsTongue malware used to target journalists, activists, and dissidents worldwide, with approximately half of known victims in Palestine

HQ: Israel Updated: 9 Jan 2026

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Decision-Maker Directory

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Eitan Achlow
Chief Executive Officer
Served as CEO as of January 2019
Public contact: Via corporate communications
Isaac Zack
Largest Shareholder
Became largest shareholder within two months of company founding
Public contact: Via corporate communications
Ya'acov Weitzman
Co-Founder
Founded company in 2014
Public contact: Via corporate communications
Eran Shorer
Co-Founder
Founded company in 2014
Public contact: Via corporate communications

Material Risk Framing

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Legal & Compliance

On US Commerce Department Entity List since November 2021; subject to export restrictions; zero-day exploits patched by Microsoft and Google; potential exposure under EU human rights regulations

Financial & Investor

Entity List designation restricts access to US technology and investors; spyware licensing model creates reputational liability for government clients exposed

Reputational & Brand

Directly implicated in targeting human rights defenders, journalists, and politicians across multiple countries; infrastructure designed to impersonate Amnesty International and Black Lives Matter

Operational & Supply Chain

Dependent on discovering and exploiting software vulnerabilities that get patched once discovered; multiple zero-days burned in 2021-2022 investigations

Strategic Analysis

In-depth assessment of the company's position, vulnerabilities, and recommended approaches for effective engagement.

CHALLENGING PRIORITY TARGET MONITORING TARGET Strategic Vulnerability → Severity → Severity: 8.5, Vulnerability: 7.5

High severity, high vulnerability — campaigns with the best chance of making an impact

Learn about our methodology — companies are categorised based on severity (harm potential) vs strategic vulnerability (campaign leverage).

Why do these scores change?

Unlike static boycott lists, our targeting model is dynamic. This company's position on the matrix is re-evaluated continually as we verify new contracts, divestments, or policy changes. Your reporting directly impacts this score.

Candiru represents the second major Israeli mercenary spyware vendor alongside NSO Group, with significant management and investor overlap between the companies. The company operates under multiple corporate identities (DF Associates, Grindavik Solutions, Taveta, Saito Tech, Integrity Partners, Integrity Labs) to obscure its activities. What makes Candiru particularly significant for Palestinian advocacy is that approximately half of the 100+ confirmed victims identified by Microsoft and Citizen Lab were located in Palestine - the highest concentration of any country targeted.

Key Leverage Points

  • US Entity List Status: November 2021 blacklisting alongside NSO Group creates identical compliance and technology access restrictions
  • Government Client Exposure: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Hungary, Indonesia, and Spain identified as having Candiru systems - diplomatic and public pressure opportunities
  • Zero-Day Dependency: Business model requires constant discovery of software vulnerabilities; each exposure burns operational capabilities
  • Disinformation Infrastructure: 764+ domains impersonating Amnesty International, Black Lives Matter creates litigation and regulatory exposure

Evidence Summary

The Citizen Lab investigation provides comprehensive technical evidence of Candiru's capabilities and targeting patterns. The spyware can exfiltrate data from encrypted messaging apps including Signal, capture browsing history and passwords, and activate device cameras and microphones. Victims include human rights defenders, journalists, activists, and elected politicians. The company's infrastructure deliberately impersonates legitimate human rights organisations to deceive targets into clicking malicious links. Microsoft's parallel investigation confirmed the findings and led to patches for two zero-day vulnerabilities being actively exploited.

Engagement Strategy

Focus on maintaining US Entity List designation by documenting ongoing abuses and engaging congressional representatives on export control enforcement. Target governments known to operate Candiru systems (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Spain, Hungary) through diplomatic pressure and human rights reporting. Support civil society litigation against spyware vendors and their government clients. Document and publicise each new case of journalist or activist targeting to build case for comprehensive spyware regulation. Coordinate with technology companies to accelerate vulnerability patching when new Candiru exploits are discovered.

Evidence & Sources

Verified sources including NGO reports, regulatory filings, and primary documents. Use these to substantiate your correspondence.

Academic
2022-04-18
Citizen Lab: CatalanGate Investigation

Candiru spyware used in Spanish government surveillance of Catalan independence movement members including elected officials

Open source
Official Doc
2021-11-03
US Commerce Department Entity List Designation

Candiru added to US export blacklist alongside NSO Group for engaging in activities contrary to US national security or foreign policy interests

Open source
Academic
2021-07-15
Citizen Lab: Hooking Candiru

Technical investigation identifying 764+ domains, confirming victims across Palestine, Israel, Iran, and other countries, with capabilities to exfiltrate from Signal, Gmail, Telegram

Open source
Corporate Statement
2021-07-15
Microsoft: Protecting Customers from SOURGUM

Microsoft identifies DevilsTongue malware and patches CVE-2021-31979 and CVE-2021-33771 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited by Candiru

Open source
News
2021-07-15
Al Jazeera: Candiru Spyware Targets Activists

Reporting on Citizen Lab findings that Israeli spyware company Candiru targeted human rights activists globally

Open source

Updates & Milestones

  1. Saito Tech Ltd. / Integrity Partners Purchase

    Company operates as Saito Tech Ltd., also as Integrity Partners or Labs - latest known corporate identities

  2. CatalanGate Exposed

    Citizen Lab reveals Candiru spyware used by Spanish government against Catalan independence movement

  3. US Commerce Department Blacklist

    Added to Entity List alongside NSO Group for engaging in activities contrary to US national security

  4. Microsoft Patches Zero-Days

    Microsoft patches CVE-2021-31979 and CVE-2021-33771 vulnerabilities exploited by Candiru

  5. Citizen Lab Investigation Published

    Joint Microsoft-Citizen Lab report reveals DevilsTongue spyware targeting 100+ victims including approximately half in Palestine

  6. Taveta Ltd.

    Company operates as Taveta Ltd.; Eitan Achlow serving as CEO

  7. Grindavik Solutions

    Company operates as Grindavik Solutions Ltd.

  8. Corporate Name Change

    Operates as DF Associates Ltd., beginning pattern of corporate name changes

  9. Company Founded

    Candiru Ltd. established in Tel Aviv by Ya'acov Weitzman and Eran Shorer

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