IBM

Category: Challenging

Enterprise technology company operating Israel's national population registry and biometric surveillance database (Eitan system). IBM subsidiary Red Hat provides cloud infrastructure to the Israeli military's central computing system (Mamram).

Listing: NYSE: IBM HQ: USA Website Updated: 8 Jan 2026

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Decision-Maker Directory

Key individuals with influence over corporate partnerships and procurement decisions. Direct your correspondence to the most relevant role.

Arvind Krishna
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Overall responsibility for corporate strategy. In 2024 response to employee concerns about Israeli contracts, stated IBM 'follows the lead of the U.S. government in foreign business dealings.'
Public contact: [email protected]
James J. Kavanaugh
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Oversees financial operations and strategic planning. Responsible for investment decisions including Israeli contracts.
Public contact: [email protected]
Anne Robinson
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Leads IBM's legal, regulatory, and compliance operations globally. Advises on corporate governance and risk management.
Public contact: Via corporate legal department
Christina Montgomery
Vice President and Chief Privacy & Trust Officer
Responsible for privacy, AI ethics, and trust. Oversees compliance for systems including biometric databases.
Public contact: Via government affairs
Rob Thomas
Senior Vice President, Software and Chief Commercial Officer
Leads global software business and go-to-market activities across IBM's portfolio including Red Hat.
Public contact: Via corporate communications

Material Risk Framing

Frame your message around business risks. These talking points resonate with corporate stakeholders and institutional investors.

Reputational

IBM's operation of Israel's biometric population registry draws direct parallels to the company's documented provision of similar systems to apartheid South Africa and Nazi Germany. UN reports have identified IBM as complicit in facilitating Israel's apartheid system through surveillance infrastructure.

Financial

IBM holds over $1 billion in Israeli military and government contracts including a 25-year commitment to military logistics. EU funding exposure creates risk as institutions scrutinise ties to documented human rights violations.

Legal

Operation of biometric surveillance systems used at checkpoints the ICJ ruled are part of an illegal occupation (July 2024), combined with military infrastructure supporting operations the ICC has charged as crimes against humanity (November 2024), creates significant legal exposure.

Operational

IBM's 3,000+ person Israeli workforce and deep integration with Israeli military and government systems creates operational dependency. Employee pressure for transparency on military contracts mirrors internal dissent seen at peer companies.

Product Alternatives

Ethical replacements tagged by what matters to you: cost, quality, ethics, sustainability, or local sourcing. Make the switch today.

Enterprise Cloud & Infrastructure

Alternative enterprise cloud and IT infrastructure providers for organisations reviewing IBM relationships

OVHcloud

EU, Global

European cloud provider headquartered in France, subject to EU regulations

EU data sovereignty, no known Israeli military contracts

More Ethical Local Supplier

Scaleway

EU

French cloud provider with strong data sovereignty focus

European infrastructure, privacy-focused

More Ethical Local Supplier

Hetzner

EU, Global

German cloud and dedicated server provider with strong privacy focus

German data protection, competitive pricing

Cheaper Local Supplier

Enterprise Software & Consulting

Alternatives to IBM's enterprise software and consulting services

Accenture

Global

Global professional services and consulting company

Verify current ethical standing and government contracts

Direct Match

Capgemini

Global

European IT services and consulting company

French-headquartered, strong EU presence

Direct Match Local Supplier

Infosys

Global

Global IT services and consulting company

India-based, competitive enterprise services

Direct Match Cheaper

Open Source Alternatives to Red Hat

Community and enterprise Linux distributions not owned by IBM

SUSE Linux Enterprise

Global

Enterprise Linux distribution with strong European roots

German-headquartered, enterprise support available

Direct Match Local Supplier

Canonical Ubuntu

Global

Popular Linux distribution with enterprise support options

UK-headquartered, strong community and enterprise options

Direct Match Better Quality

Rocky Linux

Global

Community enterprise operating system designed to be 100% RHEL-compatible

Community-driven, free and open source

More Ethical Cheaper

Comparison Legend

Direct MatchClear substitute for the same product/service
CheaperLower cost option
Better QualityProven superior performance/reliability
More EthicalAvoids human rights, labour, or environmental harm
SustainableStronger eco credentials (materials, energy, lifecycle)
Local SupplierSupports domestic/regional economy instead of Israel
Palestine-FriendlyExplicitly supportive or aligned with justice for Palestine

Strategic Analysis

In-depth assessment of the company's position, vulnerabilities, and recommended approaches for effective engagement.

CHALLENGING PRIORITY TARGET MONITORING TARGET Strategic Vulnerability → Severity → Severity: 8.0, Vulnerability: 5.0

High severity, lower vulnerability — requires long-term divestment pressure

Learn about our methodology — companies are categorised based on severity (harm potential) vs strategic vulnerability (campaign leverage).

Why do these scores change?

Unlike static boycott lists, our targeting model is dynamic. This company's position on the matrix is re-evaluated continually as we verify new contracts, divestments, or policy changes. Your reporting directly impacts this score.

IBM represents a critical infrastructure target due to its unique role operating Israel's national biometric population registry and its extensive military IT contracts spanning over six decades. Unlike companies with arms-length commercial relationships, IBM directly operates the Eitan system - the digital backbone of Israel's apartheid infrastructure - storing ethnic and religious data used to control Palestinian movement through checkpoints the ICJ ruled are part of an illegal occupation (July 2024).

Key Leverage Points

  • Historical Precedent: IBM's documented provision of computing systems to both apartheid South Africa and Nazi Germany creates powerful narrative resonance when highlighting current Israeli population registry operation.
  • Government Contract Exposure: IBM's extensive US, UK, and EU government contracts create pressure points where human rights compliance can be enforced through procurement policy.
  • EU Funding Vulnerability: IBM receives significant EU research and development funding, creating leverage through European Parliament and Commission advocacy.
  • Enterprise Alternatives: Unlike highly specialised military contractors, IBM's enterprise services have viable alternatives (SUSE, Canonical, European cloud providers) enabling procurement substitution.
  • Employee Concerns: Internal pressure from employees seeking transparency on Israeli military contracts mirrors successful activism at peer companies like Google and Microsoft.

Evidence Summary

Who Profits and AFSC Investigate document IBM's operation of the Eitan biometric population registry under a $240 million contract since 2017, with operations extending to 2035. This system stores personal data including ethnic and religious identities of both Israeli citizens and Palestinians in occupied territories, powering surveillance at checkpoints including Allenby Bridge (the only exit for West Bank Palestinians) and Erez (the only crossing for Gaza residents). The database enables Israel's permit regime, which Amnesty International has characterised as a crime of apartheid.

IBM's military exposure extends through a 25-year contract as primary IT provider for Israeli military logistics centres handling 'combat equipment,' worth approximately $275 million shared with Malam Team (The Intercept, September 2024). Subsidiary Red Hat provides the OpenShift platform powering the IDF's central Mamram computing system, with Red Hat executives publicly stating 'we see ourselves as partners of the IDF' and describing the military as their 'leading customer.' In December 2023, Red Hat hosted Israeli military students for a hackathon explicitly focused on 'Operation Swords of Iron' - the military campaign in Gaza that the ICC has charged involves crimes against humanity.

Engagement Strategy

Campaign efforts should emphasise the historical parallels between IBM's current population registry operation and its documented complicity with previous apartheid regimes. Target government procurement contracts with human rights compliance requirements, particularly in EU jurisdictions where GDPR and human rights frameworks create legal obligations. Engage institutional investors with ESG mandates using UN reporting on IBM's complicity. For enterprise customers, frame contract review around due diligence obligations and the availability of ethical alternatives. Support internal employee organising for transparency on military contracts. The CEO's 2024 statement that IBM 'follows the lead of the U.S. government in foreign business dealings' echoes the company's apartheid-era defence, creating narrative vulnerability when government policy shifts.

Evidence & Sources

Verified sources including NGO reports, regulatory filings, and primary documents. Use these to substantiate your correspondence.

Report
2025-07-01
UN Report: Companies Complicit in Israel's Operations in Gaza

UN report identifies IBM for managing Israel's biometric population registry and training military and intelligence personnel.

Open source
News
2025-01-01
Electronic Intifada: Genocide Profiteer IBM Wins Big on EU Funding

Reports on IBM's continued receipt of EU funding despite documented complicity in Israeli military and surveillance operations.

Open source
News
2024-09-04
The Intercept: IBM CEO - We Listen to What Israel and Saudi Arabia Consider 'Correct Behavior'

Reports on IBM employee concerns about Israeli military contracts and CEO Arvind Krishna's response citing company policy to follow US government lead in foreign business dealings.

Open source
News
2024-05-12
Al Jazeera: How US Big Tech Supports Israel's AI-Powered Genocide and Apartheid

Documents IBM alongside other tech giants providing infrastructure and AI capabilities enabling Israeli military operations and surveillance systems.

Open source
NGO
2024-01-01
AFSC Investigate: IBM Company Profile

American Friends Service Committee investigation documenting IBM's $240M population registry contract, military logistics IT provision, and Red Hat's IDF computing system support.

Open source
News
2023-06-25
Scheerpost: How Microsoft, IBM, Cisco, and Dell Enable Surveillance and Control in Palestine

Investigative report on IBM's role in Israel's digital surveillance infrastructure including population registry and checkpoint systems.

Open source
Report
2022-05-08
Edge Industry Review: Red Hat Upgrades IDF's Cloud and Edge Computing

Documents Red Hat's OpenShift platform deployment for IDF Mamram unit's cloudlet edge computing infrastructure for military field operations.

Open source
NGO
2022-02-01
Who Profits: IBM - A Major Facilitator of Israel's Surveillance and Security Apparatus

Comprehensive report documenting IBM's operation of Israel's biometric population registry, military contracts worth over $1 billion, and Red Hat's partnership with the IDF.

Open source
Corporate Statement
2022-01-01
Red Hat: Mamram Unit 2022 Innovation Award

Red Hat awarded IDF Mamram unit its technological innovation award at the company's Global Summit, demonstrating strategic partnership with Israeli military.

Open source

Updates & Milestones

  1. UN report identifies IBM complicity

    UN report identifies IBM for managing Israel's biometric database and training military personnel as part of companies complicit in operations in Gaza

  2. CEO responds to employee concerns

    CEO Arvind Krishna responds to employee questions about Israeli military contracts, citing company policy to follow US government lead in foreign business

  3. IBM Israel hosts military technology conference

    IBM Israel hosts conference for 100 participants from Israeli military, hi-tech industry, and military Cyber Defense Directorate

  4. Red Hat hosts military hackathon on Gaza operations

    Red Hat hosts 100 students from Israeli military pre-preparatory school for hackathon on 'Operation Swords of Iron' military operations in Gaza

  5. PIBA Security Operations Center contract

    IBM contracted to establish Security Operation Center for Population and Immigration Authority core systems until 2026 for NIS 4.6 million

  6. Red Hat awards IDF Mamram unit

    Red Hat awards Israeli military's Mamram unit its 2022 technological innovation award at Global Summit for customers worldwide

  7. NIS 5.6M biometric identification contract

    IBM contracted for remote biometric identification services for PIBA

  8. 25-year military logistics contract

    IBM contracted as main IT provider for three new Israeli military regional logistics centers handling 'combat equipment' for 25 years (~$275M shared with Malam Team)

  9. IBM assumes full population registry responsibility

    IBM takes over complete operational responsibility for Israel's biometric population registry, including data on Palestinians in occupied territories

  10. Be'er Sheva cyber research center opens

    IBM launches cyber research center adjacent to Israeli military telecommunications base and Computer Service Directorate campus

  11. IDF Mamram launches operational cloud

    Israeli military's Mamram unit launches operational cloud based on Red Hat infrastructure, used by thousands of military users across all branches

  12. Red Hat develops IDF 'operational internet'

    Red Hat collaborates with Israeli military to develop cloud-based operational network designed to increase military lethality, valued at 'several millions of dollars'

  13. $240M Eitan population registry contract

    IBM wins contract to design and operate Israel's new Eitan biometric population database, replacing HP's Aviv system

  14. Major military storage contract

    IBM awarded storage and server systems contract with Israeli military valued at 'hundreds of millions of US dollars'

  15. $60M Ministry of Defense server contract

    IBM wins contract to supply servers to Israeli Ministry of Defense, with additional virtual infrastructure components

  16. Israeli Police contract begins

    IBM begins supplying computer systems and software to the Israeli Police, a relationship maintained for nearly 50 years

  17. IBM Research Haifa established

    Professor Josef Raviv establishes IBM Israel Scientific Center at the Technion in Haifa, now IBM's largest research lab outside the United States

  18. IBM begins Israeli military relationship

    IBM establishes first contracts with the Israeli military, beginning a relationship spanning over six decades

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